binutils Newspaper
JULY 29, 2026
x86 Proposed

x86: move operand_types[] out of struct insn_template

Reduces memory usage and improves cache efficiency by moving operand type definitions out of instruction templates.

Jan Beulich’s fourth patch in a series reorganizes x86 instruction templates by moving the operand_types array out of the struct insn_template. This change aims to reduce memory usage and improve cache utilization by storing common operand combinations in a separate, shared array. It significantly reduces the number of i386_operand_type instances, from over 22,000 to 770.

In Details

This patch is the final part of a four-part series refactoring operand type handling in the x86 assembler gas. It addresses memory and cache efficiency by relocating the operand_types array from individual insn_template structs into a new, shared i386_operand_types array. This deduplication dramatically reduces the memory footprint associated with instruction templates. The patch also suggests potential further optimizations, such as folding related fields and consolidating CPU specifiers.

For Context
struct insn_template
A data structure in the assembler that defines the layout and properties of an assembly instruction.
operand_types[]
An array within an instruction template that specifies the types and characteristics of each operand the instruction can accept.
cache locality
The principle of keeping data that is accessed frequently closer to the processor's cache memory to speed up access times.
cache utilization
Maximizing the efficiency of the CPU cache by ensuring frequently used data is stored and accessed effectively.
i386_operand_type
A specific data structure on the x86 architecture that defines the type and properties of an operand for an instruction.
Filed Under: x86gasoptimizationmemory-managementperformance